Segregation and the "Separate but equal" Doctrine

1849 Roberts v. City of Boston

Benjamin Roberts sues the school system on behalf of his daughter who was denied admission to a public school because of her color. He lost the case. It was the first school-related race case.

http: //brownvboard.org/research/handbook/sources/roberts/roberts.htm

1868 The 14th Amendment

The 14th Amendment is added to the Constitution, granting equal rights to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States."

1896 Plessy v. Ferguson

The Supreme Court ruling states that segregation does not disagree with the 14th Amendment granting equal rights to blacks. The ruling establishes the "separate but equal" doctrine that would become the legal basis for segregation in schools.

One judge dissents, stating that forced segregation would continue to label blacks as inferior. This dissenting opinion would be used to argue the Brown case.

http: //caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol= 163&invol=537

1899 Cumming v. Board of Education of Richmond County,

State of Georgia

The Supreme Court supports the school board's decision to close a free public black school because of financial issues, even though the district continued to operate two free public white schools.

1908 Berea College v. Commonwealth of Kentucky

The Supreme Court upholds a Kentucky state law forbidding interracial instruction at all schools and colleges in the state.

http: //caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=US&vol= 211&invol=45

1935 A strategy is developed

The NAACP challenges segregation practices in the nation's graduate and professional schools, establishing the legal strategy that would eventually lead to victory in Brown v. Board of Education.

1938 Missouri ex. rel. Gaines v. Canada

A young black man is granted entrance to his state's law school, which previously only accepted whites. This case sets a precedent for other states to provide equal educational opportunities for black college students.

http: //caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol= 305&invol=337

1948 Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma

The Supreme Court rules that the university's attempts to put together a separate law program for Ada Lois Sipuel, because she was black, were illegal. The Court rules that denial of entrance to a state law school solely on the basis of race is unconstitutional.





		Segregation and the "Separate but equal" Doctrine Although equal rights were granted in 1868 by the 14th Amendment to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States, " blacks continued to be subjected to racial segregation practices well into the next century. Segregation and the "Separate but Equal" Doctrine Making the Case to Integrate Public Schools Post-Brown Aftermath The Pendulum Swings Back Home			1849 Roberts v. City of Boston Benjamin Roberts sues the school system on behalf of his daughter who was denied admission to a public school because of her color. He lost the case. It was the first school-related race case. http: //brownvboard.org/research/handbook/sources/roberts/roberts.htm 1868 The 14th Amendment The 14th Amendment is added to the Constitution, granting equal rights to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States." 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson The Supreme Court ruling states that segregation does not disagree with the 14th Amendment granting equal rights to blacks. The ruling establishes the "separate but equal" doctrine that would become the legal basis for segregation in schools. One judge dissents, stating that forced segregation would continue to label blacks as inferior. This dissenting opinion would be used to argue the Brown case. http: //caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol= 163&invol=537 1899 Cumming v. Board of Education of Richmond County, State of Georgia The Supreme Court supports the school board's decision to close a free public black school because of financial issues, even though the district continued to operate two free public white schools. 1908 Berea College v. Commonwealth of Kentucky The Supreme Court upholds a Kentucky state law forbidding interracial instruction at all schools and colleges in the state. http: //caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=US&vol= 211&invol=45 1935 A strategy is developed The NAACP challenges segregation practices in the nation's graduate and professional schools, establishing the legal strategy that would eventually lead to victory in Brown v. Board of Education. 1938 Missouri ex. rel. Gaines v. Canada A young black man is granted entrance to his state's law school, which previously only accepted whites. This case sets a precedent for other states to provide equal educational opportunities for black college students. http: //caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol= 305&invol=337 1948 Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma The Supreme Court rules that the university's attempts to put together a separate law program for Ada Lois Sipuel, because she was black, were illegal. The Court rules that denial of entrance to a state law school solely on the basis of race is unconstitutional.